how-to-install-ubuntu-server20.04LTS

本文档演示如何安装ubuntu server 20.04 LTS

安装

ubuntu server 20.04LTS 镜像下载

可根据 install-ubuntu-server 一步一步进行安装。

其中有两个部分需要注意：

1. proxy-url: http://host-address:proxy-port
2. software-source: http://mirror.xtom.com.hk/ubuntu/

software-source 可在 Official Archive Mirrors for Ubuntu 寻找相近地区的归档镜像源

相关的信息查看命令

网络配置查看

• ip -a 查看ip地址
• ifconfig 查看ip地址信息(需要安装net-tools)

优化

修改 root 账户密码

ubuntu server 安装时需要提供一个用户名和密码（非root）如需要root 账户，则首先需要修改 root 账户的密码

sudo passwd root 输入密码，并且再次输入，即可修改成功

关闭防火墙

• sudo ufw status 查看防火墙状态
• sudo ufw enable 启动防火墙
• sudo uft disable 关闭防火墙

启用ssh-server

ubuntu server 默认是不提供sshd 服务的，如需要通过xshell或secureCRT等工具进行连接，则需要安装openssh-sever

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

sudo apt install openssh-server

可以通过 sudo systemctl status ssh 查看ssh.server的启动状态

如ssh.service未启动，则可以运行以下命令：

sudo systemctl enable ssh
sudo systemctl start ssh

网络配置

ubuntu 20.04使用netplan作为默认的网络管理器。配置文件目录为 /etc/netplan

00-installer-config.yaml

network:
version: 2
renderer: NetworkManager
ethernets:
 ens33:
  dhcp4: no
  addresses:
  - 192.168.72.140/24
  gateway4: 192.168.72.2
  nameservers:
   addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

netplan相关命令

• netplan try 验证netplan配置
• netplan apply 应用新的配置

代理配置

git配置

git config --global http.proxy http://proxyUsername:proxyPassword@proxy.server.com:port

git confiug --global https.proxy http://proxyUsername:proxyPassword@proxy.server.com:port

apt配置

配置文件: /etc/apt/apt.conf

Acquire::http::proxy “http://<user>:<pass>@<proxy>:<port>/”; 
Acquire::https::proxy “http://<user>:<pass>@<proxy>:<port>/”; 

命令行配置

配置文件: ~/.bashrc

最后一行添加：

export http_proxy=http://<user>:<pass>@<proxy>:<port>/
export https_proxy=http://<user>:<pass>@<proxy>:<port>/

可通过 env | grep proxy 检测代理配置

软件源配置

如无可用代理，可设置国内镜像源提高 apt update 速度。ubuntu 的默认配置文件为 /etc/apt/sources.list。

首先，将原来软件源进行备份 sudo cp /etc/apt/sorces.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

替换国内软件源

将软件源文件替换为以下任一源内容即可。

清华大学源

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里云

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

163（网易）

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-backports main restricted universe multiverse

参考链接

• Ubuntu Linux install OpenSSH server
• Ubuntu 20.04 Network Configuration
• Network Configuration